Полезные таблицы по английскому для детей

PRONOUNS (МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ)

PERSONAL (ЛИЧНЫЕ)

POSSESSIVE (ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЕ)

Subjective case (имен. пад.)

(кто? что?)

Objective case (косв. пад.)

(кого? кому? чего? чему?)

Relative form (относит. форма)

(ЧЕЙ?)

Absolute form (абсолютная форма без

сущ-ных)

Ед.ч.

I (я)

You (ты)

He (он)

She (она)

It (о не одуш.)

Me (мне, меня)

You (тебе, тебя)

Him (ему, его)

Her (ей, ее)

It (ему, ей, его, ее)

My (мой,-я,-е)

Your (твой,-я,-е)

His (его)

Her (ее)

Its

Mine (мой, -я, -е)

Yours(твой, -я, -е)

His(его)

Hers(ее)

Its

Мн.ч.

We (мы)

You (вы)

They (они)

Us (нам, нас)

You (вам, вас)

Them (им, их)

Our (наш,-а,е,-и)

Your (ваш, -а,-е,-и)

Their (их)

Ours (наш, -а, е, -и)

Yours (ваш, -а, -е, -и)

Theirs (их)

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS (Указательные местоимения)

SINGULAR (ед.ч.)

PLURAL (мн.ч.)

Рядом с говорящим

THIS

(эта, этот, это)

f/e: This is a book.

Give me this book.

THESE

(эти)

f/e: These are books.

Give me these books.

На расстоянии от говорящего

THAT

(та, тот, то)

f/e: That is a book.

That book is good.

THOSE

(те)

f/e: Those are books.

Take those books.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS (Возвратные местоимения)

SINGULAR (ед.ч.)

PLURAL (мн.ч.)

+ SELF (сам,-а)

Myself

Yourself

Himself

Herself

Itself

F/e: Do it yourself! (Сделай это сам!)

+ SELVES (сами)

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

f/e: They will do it themselves. (Они сделают это сами.)

WORD ORDER IN THE AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE (Порядок слов утв. предл.)

1 2 3 4

Подлежащее Сказуемое Дополнение Обстоятельство

Jane plays the piano very well.

P.S. Дополнение – косвенное (кому?) стоит перед прямым дополнением

Дополнение – прямое (кого? что?)

F/e: Give me a book. (me – косвенное; a book – прямое)

НО! Give a book to me (если косвенное дополнение стоит после прямого, то перед косвенным дополнением должен стоять предлог “to”)

WORD ORDER IN THE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE (Порядок слов вопр.пред.)

Вопр. слово Вспом. гл. Подлежащее Сказуемое Доп-ние Обст-тво

Does Jane play the piano very well?

WHAT does Jane play very well?

How does Jane play the piano?

Who plays the piano very well?

THE ENGLISH TENSES SYSTEM (Система времен английского глагола)

PRESENT (наст.)

PAST (прош.)

FUTURE (буд.)

SIMPLE (INDEFINITE)

(простое; неопределенное)

V; Vs

(did)

shall V

will V

CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)

(длительное)

is V ing are

was Ving

were Ving

shall be Ving

will be Ving

PERFECT SIMPLE

(завершенное простое)

had V3

has V3

have V3

shall have V3

will have V3

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

(завершенное длительное)

had been V ing

has been V ing

have been V ing

shall have been V ing

will have been V ing

SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN THE INDIRECT SPEECH

(СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ)

	PRESENT SIMPLE	PRESENT PROGRESSIVE	PRESENT PERFECT	PAST PROGRESSIVE	PAST SIMPLE	FUTURE SIMPLE
Direct speech (Прямая речь)	V(s)	am is Ving are	has V3 have V3	Was Ving Were Ving	V2	Shall V Will V
	PAST SIMPLE	PAST CONTINUOUS	PAST PERFECT	PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS	PAST PERFECT	FUTURE-IN-THE-PAST
Indirect speech (Косвенная речь)	V2	Was Ving Were Ving	had V3	had been Ving	had V3	should V would V

Pronouns SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY and their derivatives

(местоимения SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY и их производные)

(+)

(-), (?)

(-)

(+), (-)

SOME

(некоторый, несколько)

(not) ANY

EVERY

SOMEBODY

(кто-то)

(not) ANYBODY

(никто)

(кто- то)

NOBODY

(никто)

EVERYBODY

(все, каждый)

SOMETHING

(что-то)

(not) ANYTHING

(ничто, ничего)

(что-то)

NOTHING

(ничто, ничего)

EVERYTHING

(все)

SOMEWHERE

(где-то)

(not) ANYWHERE

(нигде, где-то)

NOWHERE

(нигде)

EVERYWHERE

(везде)

+ I have some books.

— I have not any (no) books.

? Have you any books? – Yes, I have some. No, I haven’t any.

BUT! Would you like some coffee? – Не хотите ли выпить кофе?

May I have some tea? – Можно мне выпить чаю? (предложение, просьба)

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

(степени сравнения прилагательных)

POSITIVE

(положительная)

COMPARATIVE

(сравнительная)

SUPERLATIVE

(превосходная)

SHORT

SAD

DRY

WHITE

WONDERFUL

+ ER

SHORTER

SADDER

DRIER

WHITER

MORE WONDERFUL

+ EST

(the) SHORTEST

(the) SADDEST

(the) DRIEST

(the) WHITEST

(the) MOST WONDERFUL

REMEMBER!

GOOD

BAD

LITTLE

MANY, MUCH

FAR

LATE

OLD

BETTER

WORSE

LESS

FARTHER, FURTHER

LATTER /LATER

OLDER/ ELDER

(the) BEST

(the) WORST

(the) LEAST

(the) MOST

(the) FARTHEST, FURTHEST

THE LATEST, THE LAST

THE OLDEST/ ELDEST

ADVERBS

FORMATION: SLOW + LY

QUICKLY, BADLY, COLDLY, POLITELY

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS

(степени сравнения наречий)

POSITIVE

(положительная)

COMPARATIVE

(сравнительная)

SUPERLATIVE

(превосходная)

FAST

OFTEN

FASTER

MORE OFTEN

FASTEST

MOST OFTEN

REMEMBER!

BADLY

WELL
LITTLE
MUCH

FAR

WORSE
BETTER
LESS
MORE
FARTHER, FURTHER

WORST

BEST

LEAST

MOST

FARTHEST, FURTHEST

PLURAL FORM OF NOUNS (множественное число существительных)

NOUN + S (a book – books, a pen – pens)

IF NOUN ENDS (-s, -ss, -x, -o, -ch, -sh, -tch) + ES (a bench – benches)

SPELLING CHANGES:

СОГЛАСНАЯ + Y = I+ ES (A FACTORY – FACTORIES)

ГЛАСНАЯ + Y + S (a PLAY – PLAYS)

– F; — FE = V +ES A WOLF – WOLVES, A WIFE – WIVES)

REMEMBER! CHIEF + S (начальник), SAFE + S (сейф), CLIFF+S (утёс)

ROOF + S (крыша), HANDKERCHIEF + S (носовой платок, шейная косынка)

OE + S (A POTATO – POTATOES)

REMEMBER! PIANO + S, PHOTO + S

REMEMBER!	ONLY IN SINGULAR	ONLY IN PLURAL
A MAN – MEN A WOMAN – WOMEN A CHILD – CHILDREN AN OX – OXEN A GOOSE – GEESE A FOOT – FEET A TOOTH – TEETH A MOUSE — MICE A PERSON – PEOPLE	NEWS HAIR ADVICE KNOWLEDGE LUGGAGE FURNITURE INFORMATION PHYSICS	TROUSERS CLOTHES GOODS SPECTACLES SCISSORS ARCHIVES CATTLE
ALSO REMEMBER!	Has the same form for singular and plural form
AN ENGLISHMAN- ENGLISHMEN A FRENCHWOMAN- FRENCHWOMEN BUT! A GERMAN- GERMANS	A DEER – DEER A SHEEP – SHEEP A SWINE – SWINE A FISH- FISH A FRUIT- FRUIT

THE ARTICLE (АРТИКЛЬ)

INDEFINITE (неопределенный)

A, AN

DEFINITE (определенный)

THE

а pen (1-я согласная)

an apple (1-я гласная)

the pen

the books

the meat

the rain

F/e: 1. THIS IS A BOOK. THE BOOK IS GOOD.

THIS IS _ MILK. THE MILK IS FRESH.
LOOK AT THE BLACKBOARD.
THIS IS A BIG APPLE.

THE ARTICLES ARE NOT USED!

AFTER AND BEFORE PRONOUNS (my, your, his, her, our, their, this, that, these, those) – It’s my a hat. Take that a book.
BEFORE UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS (liquid, natural phenomenon, abstract matter, substance that must be weighed (flour, sugar, rice etc.) materials) – a water, a rain, an air, a butter.
AFTER POSSESSIVE CASE – My father’s a car.
AFTER AND BEFORE CARDINAL NUMERAL (one, two etc.) – He has one an English book.
AFTER NEGATIVE PRONOUN “NO” – There is no a letter on the table.
BEFORE AND AFTER ADJECTIVES – This apple is a big. BUT! This is a big apple.

MODAL VERBS AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS (модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты)

PRESENT (настоящее)

PAST (прошедшее)

FUTURE (будущее)

CAN (могу, умею)

F/e: I can read.

COULD

F/e: I could read when I was 5 years old.

SHALL BE ABLE TO

WILL BE ABLE TO

F/e: I will be able to swim next summer.

MAY

(могу, имею разрешение)

F/e: May I come in?

MIGHT

F/e: He might go home when he had written the task.

SHALL BE ALLOWED TO

WILL BE ALLOWED TO

F/e: John will be allowed to go abroad in few days.

MUST (должен, вынужден))

F/e: You must learn the rules!

I am to go there. – должен, предстоит, (договорились, или такое расписание)

HAD TO

F/e: I had to copy the text twice.

I was to go there.- предстояло

SHALL HAVE TO

WILL HAVE TO

F/e: We will have to read the book again.

SHOULD (следует)

F/e: Jane should go to the library.

OUGHT TO (следует)

F/e: Pete ought to buy this book.

THE PASSIVE VOICE (страдательный залог)

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

FUTURE-IN-THE-PAST

INDEFINITE

be + P II

(Participle II)

is told

are

was told

were told

shall be told

will be told

should be told

would be told

CONTINUOUS

be + being P II

is being told

are

was being told

were being told

________

_______

PERFECT

have been P II

have been told

has been told

had been told

shall have been told

will have been told

should have been told

would have been told

TYPES OF QUESTIONS (типы вопросов)

________________________________________________

GENERAL Question (общий вопрос)

F/e: ARE YOU A STUDENT? — Yes, I am.

DO YOU WORK? – No, I do not (don’t).

DO YOU LIKE ENGLISH? – Yes, I do.

ALTERNATIVE Question (альтернативный вопрос)

F/e: ARE YOU A STUDENT OR A DOCTOR? – I am a student.

DO YOU WORK OR STUDY? – I work.

DO YOU LIKE ENGLISH OR FRENCH? – I like English.

SPECIAL Question (специальный вопрос)

WHO? – КТО?

WHAT? – ЧТО? КАКОЙ?

WHOSE? – ЧЕЙ?

WHOM? – КОМУ? КОГО?

WHERE? – ГДЕ?

WHEN? – КОГДА?

WHAT COLOR? – КАКОГО ЦВЕТА?

WHAT KIND OF? – КАКОГО ВИДА? КАКОЙ?

WHICH? – КОТОРЫЙ?

HOW? – КАК?

HOW MANY (HOW MUCH)? – СКОЛЬКО?

F/e: WHAT ARE YOU? – I am a student.

WHERE DO YOU WORK? – I work in the office.

WHAT LANGUAGE DO YOU LIKE? – I like English.

4. DISJUNCTIVE Question (разделительный вопрос)

F/e: You are a student, aren’t you? – Yes, I am.

You work, don’t you? – Yes, I do.

You don’t work, do you? – No, I don’t.

Present Continuous Tense (Настоящее длительное время)

Форма образование: to be (am, is, are) +Ving

I am working at the moment.
He is not (isn’t) working.
Are you writing a letter now?

Present Continuous Tense употребляется:

Для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в момент речи:

He is reading a book. Don’t make any noise, he is sleeping.

Для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в настоящий период времени, хотя и не обязательно в момент речи:

He is writing a new play.

Для выражения будущего длительного действия в обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях условия и времени, которое вводятся союзами if, when, while, etc.

If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.

Для выражения будущего действия, когда выражается намерение совершить действие или уверенность в его совершении:

He is taking his examination on Friday.

NOTE: Не употребляющиеся глаголы в во временах группы Continuous:

Глаголы выражающие чувственные восприятия:

to see – видеть

to feel – чувствовать

to smell – нюхать, пахнуть

to hear – слышать

to taste – пробовать на вкус, иметь вкус

Глаголы выражающие эмоциональное состояние:

to envy – завидовать

to like — нравиться

to love — любить

to fear – бояться

to prefer — предпочитать

to hope – надеяться to regret – сожалеть to hate – ненавидеть

Глаголы выражающие умственное состояние:

to believe – верить

to consider – считать

to recognize – узнавать

to suppose – предполагать

to know – знать

to forget – забывать

to notice – замечать

to think – думать

to mean – иметь в виду

to remember – помнить

to understand — понимать

to imagine – представлять

Глаголы выражающие желание:

to desire, to wish- желать to want – хотеть

Глаголы выражающие отношение между предметами:

to appear, to seem – казаться

to belong – принадлежать

to exist – существовать

to have – иметь

to consist – состоять

to contain – содержать в себе

to own – владеть

to cost – стоить

to depend – зависеть

to weigh — весить

to possess – обладать

SIMPLE TENSES
Types of the sentences	Present	Past	Future	Future-in-the-Past
Positive (+)	I You V We They He She V+ es/s It E.g. We usually work. He goes to the Zoo every Sunday.	I You We They V +ed/ V2 He She It E.g. They worked yesterday. He went to the Zoo 2 years ago.	I / We shall V You They He will V She It E.g. We shall work next week. He will go to the Zoo tomorrow.	I / We should V You They He would V She It E.g. (He said that) We should work next week. He would go to the Zoo the next day.
Negative (-)	I You We do not V They He She does not V It E.g. I don’t like it. He does not go to the Zoo every Sunday.	I You We They did not V He She It E.g. I didn’t like it. He did not go to the Zoo yesterday.	I / We shall not V You They He will not V She It E.g. I shan’t cook tomorrow. He will not go to the Zoo tomorrow.	I / We should not V You They He would not V She It (He said that) We should not work next week. He would not go to the Zoo the next day.
Interrogative (?)	I Do you V we they he Does she V It E.g. Do you live here? Does he go to the Zoo every Sunday?	I you we Did they V ? he she It E.g. Did you live here last year? Did he go to the Zoo last year?	Shall I / we V ? you they Will he V ? she It E.g. Shall we do it tomorrow? Will he go to the Zoo tomorrow?	Should I / we V ? you they Would he V ? she It E.g. Should we do it tomorrow? Would he go to the Zoo the next day?
Clue words	Usually, always, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year)	Yesterday, last week (month, year), … ago	Tomorrow, next week (month, year), in
CONTINUOUS TENSES
Types of the sentences	Present	Past	Future	Future-in-the-Past
Positive (+)	I am You We are Ving They He She is It E.g. I am reading book at 5 o’clock today. She is doing her homework now.	I He was Ving She It You We were Ving They E.g. When I came they were reading book. She was doing her homework at 5 o’clock yesterday.	I / We shall be Ving You They He will be Ving She It E.g. When I come they will be reading book. She will be doing her homework at 10 o’clock tomorrow.	I / We should be Ving You They He would be Ving She It E.g. (He said that) We should be working at 10 o’clock the next day. He would be going to the Zoo at this time next day.
Negative (-)	I am You We are not Ving They He She is It E.g. I am not reading book. She is not doing her home task now.	I He She was not Ving It You We were not Ving They E.g. When I came they weren’t reading book. She wasn’t doing her home task at 5 o’clock yesterday.	I / We shall not be Ving You They He will not be Ving She It E.g. When I come they will not be reading book. She will not be doing her homework at 10 o’clock tomorrow.	I / We should not be Ving You They He would not be Ving She It E.g. (He said that) We should not be working at 10 o’clock the next day. He would not be going to the Zoo at this time next day.
Interrogative (?)	Am I you Are we Ving ? they he Is she it E.g. Am I reading book. Is she doing her home task now?	I he Was she Ving ? it you Were we Ving ? they E.g. Were you reading book? Was she doing her homework at 5 o’clock yesterday?	Shall I / we be Ving ? you they Will he be Ving ? she It E.g. Shall we be doing it whole day tomorrow ? Will she be doing her homework at 10 o’clock tomorrow?	Should I / we be Ving ? you they Would he be Ving ? she It E.g. Should we be doing it whole day tomorrow?
Clue words	Now, at … o’clock today, at the moment, still.	When I came…, from… till o’clock yesterday, whole, while	When I come…, from… till o’clock tomorrow, whole, while
PERFECT TENSES
Types of the sentences	Present	Past	Future	Future-in-the-Past
Positive (+)	I You We have V +ed/ V3 They He She has V +ed/ V3 It E.g. They have just talked He has already written a letter.	I You We They had V +ed/ V3 He She It E.g. They had talked He had written a letter.	I / We shall have V +ed/ V3 You They He will have V +ed/ V3 She It E.g. He will have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow.	I / We should have V +ed/ V3 You They He would have V +ed/ V3 She It E.g. (He said that) He would have written a letter by 5 o’clock the next day.
Negative (-)	I You have not V +ed/ V3 We They He She has not V +ed/ V3 It E.g. They have never talked about it. He has not written a letter yet.	I You We They had not V +ed/ V3 He She It E.g. They had not talked about it. He had not written a letter.	I / We shall not have V +ed/ V3 You They He will not have V +ed/ V3 She It E.g. He will not have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow.	I / We should have V +ed/ V3 You They He would not have V +ed/ V3 She It E.g. (He said that) He would not have written a letter by 5 o’clock the next day.
Interrogative (?)	I you V +ed/ V3 ? Have we they he Has she V +ed/ V3 ? it E.g. Have they ever talked about it? Has he written a letter yet?	I you we Had they V +ed/ V3 ? he she it E.g. Had they ever talked about it? Had he written a letter yet?	Shall I / we have V +ed/ V3? you they Will he have V +ed/ V3 ? she It E.g. Will he have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow?	Should I / we have V +ed/ V3? you they Would he have V +ed/ V3 ? she It E.g. Would he have written a letter by 5 o’clock the next day?
Clue words	Just, already, yet, never, ever, recently, for	For, by … o’ clock yesterday, before.	by … o’ clock tomorrow, before

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES
Types of the sentences	Present	Past	Future	Future-in-the-Past
Positive (+)	I You have been Ving We They He She has been Ving It E.g. We have been reading since morning.	I You We They had been Ving He She It E.g. We had been reading for 2 hours when mother came.	I / We shall have been Ving You They He will have been Ving She It E.g. We shall have been reading for 2 hours when they come.	I / We should have been Ving You They He would have been Ving She It E.g. (We said that) We should have been reading for 2 hours.
Negative (-)	I You have not been Ving We They He She has not been Ving It E.g. We have not been reading since morning.	I You We They had not been Ving He She It E.g. We had not been reading for 2 hours when mother came.	I / We shall not have been Ving You They He will not have been Ving She It E.g. We shall not have been reading for 2 hours when they come.	I / We should not have been Ving You They He would not have been Ving She It E.g. (We said that)We shall not have been reading for 2 hours.
Interrogative (?)	I Have you been Ving? we they he Has she been Ving? it E.g. Have we been reading since morning?	I you we Had they been Ving? he she it E.g. Had we been reading since morning?	Shall I / we have been Ving? you they Will he have been Ving? she It E.g. Will we have been reading for 2 hours when they come?	Should I / we have been Ving? you they Would he have been Ving? she It E.g. Would we have been reading for 2 hours?
Clue words	since	since	for	for

The verb to be in the Present, Past, Future Tenses
	PRESENT TENSE	PAST TENSE	FUTUTE TENSE
Positive (+)	I – am (I’m) You We are (‘re) They He She is (‘s) It I am a student.Я (есть) студент. You are a student.. Ты (есть) студент. He is a student. Он (есть) студент.	I She, He was (‘s) It You We were (‘re) They I was a student. Я был студентом. He was a student. Он был студентом. You were a student. Ты был студентом.	I, We – shall be (‘ll be) You They He will be (‘ll be) She It I shall be a student. Я буду студентом. He will be a student. Он будет студентом. You will be a student. Ты будешь студентом.
Negative (-)	I am not (‘m not) You We are not (aren’t) They He She is not (isn’t) It E.g. He is not at home. We are not students.	I He She was not (wasn’t) It You We were not (weren’t) They E.g. He was not at home. We were not students.	I / We shall not be (shan’t be) You They He will not be (won’t be) She It E.g. He will not be at home. We shall not be students.
Interrogative (?)	Am I you Are we ? they he Is she it E.g. Is he at home? Are we students?	I he Was she ? it you Were we ? they E.g. Was he at home? Were we students?	Shall I / we be ? you they Will he be ? she It E.g. Will he be at home? Shall we be students?
Clue words	Today, now, usually, always, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year)	Yesterday, last week (month, year), … ago	Tomorrow, next week (month, year), in

The verb to have (got) in the Present, Past, Future Tenses
	PRESENT TENSE	PAST TENSE	FUTUTE TENSE
Positive (+)	I You We have (‘ve ) (got) They He She has (‘s) (got) It E. g. They have a big house. He has a new car.	I You We They had (‘d) (got) He She It E. g. They had a house. He had a black car.	I / We shall have (‘ll have) (got) You They He will have (‘ll have) (got) She It E.g. We shall (We’ll) have a big house. He will (He’ll) have a new car.
Negative (-)	I You have not (haven’t) (got) We They He She has not (hasn’t) (got) It E.g. They have not a house. He has not a new car.	I You We They had not (hadn’t) (got) He She It E.g. They had not a house. He had not a black car.	I / We shall not (shan’t) have (got) You They He will not (won’t) have (got) She It E.g. We shall not have a big house. He will not have a new car.
Interrogative (?)	I you (got) ? Have we they he Has she (got) ? it E.g. Have they a house? Has he a car?	I you we Had they (got) ? he she it E.g. Had they house? Had he a black car?	Shall I / we have ? you they Will he have (got)? she It E.g. Shall we have a big house? Will he have a new car?
Clue words	Today, usually, always, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year)	Yesterday, last week (month, year), … ago	Tomorrow, next week (month, year), in

Prepositions of place and direction
Prepositions	Предлоги	For example	Например
on	на (где? куда?)	on the table (где?) on the table (куда?)	на столе на стол
in	в (где?)	The flowers are in the vase	Цветы в вазе.
into	в (куда, во что?)	Put the flowers into the vase	Положи цветы в вазу
to	в (куда?)	to the country	в деревню (загород)
from	из, от, с, у	from the country from Peter from the table	из деревни у Петера со стола
out of	из (из внутри ч. л.)	out of room	из комнаты
off	с (со) (с поверхности ч.-л.)	off the table	со стола
near, at, by	у, около, за	near (by) the window at the table	у окна за столом
behind	позади	behind the house	за домом
under	под	under the bed	под кроватью
in front of	перед	in front of the house	перед домом
among	среди	among the balls (many balls)	среди мячиков
between	между	between the balls (two balls)	между мячиков
in the middle of	в середине	in the middle of the room	в середине комнаты
above	над	above the tree	над деревом
next to	рядом	next to the shop	рядом магазином
on the left	с лева	on the left of the supermarket	с лева от супермаркета
on the right	с права	on the right of the drugstore	с права от аптеки

Prepositions of movement
English	Russian
across the road	через дорогу
through the wood	через лес
across the river	через реку (вплавь, на лодке)
over the river	через реку (по мосту, по воздуху)
over the fence	через забор
along (down) the street	по улице
down (up) the river	по реке
across the sea	по морю
about the town	по городу
about the room	по комнате
along the corridor	по коридору
about the country	по стране

Prepositions of time
English	Russian
at 6 o’clock at noon at midnight (at night) at sunrise (sunset)	в шесть часов в полдень в полночь (ночью) на восходе солнца (на закате)
in spring in the morning in the afternoon in the evening	весной утром днем вечером
in September	в сентябре
in two hours	через два часа
in 2007	в 2007 году
on Monday	в понедельник
on the 1st of September	первого сентября
after dinner	после обеда
before entering the institute	перед (до) поступлением в институт
by 5 o’clock	к пяти часам
since morning	с утра
during the holidays	в течение каникул
from … (morning) till (until) … (night)	с … (утра) до … (ночи)

Conditional sentences

I type (Real Condition)

Present Simple Tense

(If- clause)

Future Simple Tense

(Principal clause)

If Subject+ do/ does

E.g. If she comes in time,

Subject+ shall/will+ do

we shall go to the theatre

II type (Unreal Condition)

Past Simple Tense

(If- clause)

Future- in- the Past

(Principal clause)

If Subject + did

E. g. If she came in time,

Subject should/ would +do

we should go to the theatre (сегодня, завтра)

III type (Unreal Reference)

Past Perfect Tense

(If- clause)

Future in the Past + Perfect Tense

(Principal clause)

If Subject + had done

E.g. If she had come in time,

Subject should/ would + have done

we should have gone to the theatre (вчера)

Conjunctions: if, unless, in case, as soon as, when, before, after, till (until), while

Past Indefinite: I wish he were with us. — Жаль, что он не с нами. Либо: Как мне хотелось, чтобы он был с нами. I wish I knew it. – Жаль, что я не знаю об этом.
Past perfect: I wish he had stayed at home. – Жаль, что он не остался дома.
would+ Infinitive, might+ Infinitive, could + Infinitive: I wish he would tell me everything. – Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы он мне все рассказал. I wish that you would (could) call tomorrow (today) — Я хочу, чтобы Вы позвонили завтра.(сегодня)

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